Human papillomavirus natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Natural history
Complications
Complications associated with the human papilloma virus infection include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
- Genital warts
- Cervical cancer
- Vaginal cancer
- Vulvar cancer
- Anal cancer
- Penile cancer
- Head and neck cancer
Prognosis
References
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/parents/vaccine.html Accessed on October 11, 2016
- ↑ Tilston P (1997). "Anal human papillomavirus and anal cancer". J Clin Pathol. 50 (8): 625–34. PMC 500098. PMID 9301544.
- ↑ Palefsky JM, Holly EA, Ralston ML, Jay N (1998). "Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection of the anal canal in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative homosexual men". J Infect Dis. 177 (2): 361–7. PMID 9466522.
- ↑ Maden C, Sherman KJ, Beckmann AM, Hislop TG, Teh CZ, Ashley RL; et al. (1993). "History of circumcision, medical conditions, and sexual activity and risk of penile cancer". J Natl Cancer Inst. 85 (1): 19–24. PMID 8380060.
- ↑ Varma VA, Sanchez-Lanier M, Unger ER, Clark C, Tickman R, Hewan-Lowe K; et al. (1991). "Association of human papillomavirus with penile carcinoma: a study using polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization". Hum Pathol. 22 (9): 908–13. PMID 1655618.
- ↑ Gillison ML, Koch WM, Capone RB, Spafford M, Westra WH, Wu L; et al. (2000). "Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers". J Natl Cancer Inst. 92 (9): 709–20. PMID 10793107.
- ↑ Beachler DC, DʼSouza G (2013). "Oral human papillomavirus infection and head and neck cancers in HIV-infected individuals". Curr Opin Oncol. 25 (5): 503–10. doi:10.1097/CCO.0b013e32836242b4. PMC 3896303. PMID 23852381.
- ↑ de Sanjose S, Quint WG, Alemany L, Geraets DT, Klaustermeier JE, Lloveras B; et al. (2010). "Human papillomavirus genotype attribution in invasive cervical cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional worldwide study". Lancet Oncol. 11 (11): 1048–56. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70230-8. PMID 20952254.