Herpes zoster risk factors
|
Herpes zoster Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
History and Symptoms |
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Herpes zoster risk factors On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Herpes zoster risk factors |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Herpes zoster risk factors |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; L. Katie Morrison, MD;Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[3]
Overview
Risk Factors
- Shingels are developed in patients who were previously infected with VZV (through natural infection that caused varicella or varicella vaccination).[1]
- All older adults in the United States are at risk for herpes zoster as approximately 99.5% of people born in the United States who are 40 years of age and older have had varicella.
Risk factors include:
- Previous varicella virus infection
- Varicella vaccination
- Decline in cell mediated immunity
- Increasing age >50 yrs
- Immunosupression
- Malignancy, especially leukemia and lymphoma
- HIV
- Organ transplant (bone marrow or solid organ transplant)
- Medications ( steroids, chemotherapy or transplant related immunosupression medications)
- Stress
- Other potential risk factors include:
- Women > men[2][3]; the reason for a possible difference between women and men is not known.
- Whites > African Americans (by at least 50%) [4].
References
- ↑ CDC http://www.cdc.gov/shingles/hcp/clinical-overview.html (August 2016) Accessed on October 24,2016
- ↑ Harpaz R, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Seward JF, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2008). "Prevention of herpes zoster: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)". MMWR Recomm Rep. 57 (RR-5): 1–30, quiz CE2-4. PMID 18528318.
- ↑ Thomas SL, Hall AJ (2004). "What does epidemiology tell us about risk factors for herpes zoster?". Lancet Infect Dis. 4 (1): 26–33. PMID 14720565.
- ↑ Tseng HF, Smith N, Harpaz R, Bialek SR, Sy LS, Jacobsen SJ (2011). "Herpes zoster vaccine in older adults and the risk of subsequent herpes zoster disease". JAMA. 305 (2): 160–6. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1983. PMID 21224457.