Pharyngitis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Pharyngitis is one of the most common disorders in adults and children, with more than 10 million ambulatory visits per year.[1] Group A streptococcus is by far the most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis, accounting for approximately 15 to 30 percent of cases in children and 5 to 10 percent of cases in adults.[2] Peak seasons for sore throat include late winter and early spring. Transmission of typical viral and Group A streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis occurs mostly by hand contact with nasal discharge, rather than by oral contact.[3]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Viruses are the single most common cause of pharyngitis and account for 25% to 45% of all cases.[4] Group A streptococcus presents in up to 37% of all children presenting with a sore throat to an outpatient clinic or ED and 24% of those presenting at younger than 5 years.[5] Although acute rheumatic fever is now uncommon in most developed countries, it continues to be the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in areas such as India, sub- Saharan Africa, and parts of Australia and New Zealand.[6]
Age
- The highest burden of disease is found in children and young adults, with 50% of cases identified between the ages of 5 to 24 years.[7]
- The GAS accounts for 5% to 10% of pharyngitis in adults and 15% to 30% in children.[8]
- Infectious mononucleosis more common in the age group between 15 and 24 years of age.[2]
Gender
Men and women are affected equally by pharyngitis.
Race
The prevalence of pharyngitis does not vary by race.
References
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bisno AL (2001) Acute pharyngitis. N Engl J Med 344 (3):205-11. DOI:10.1056/NEJM200101183440308 PMID: 11172144
- ↑ Vincent MT, Celestin N, Hussain AN (2004) Pharyngitis. Am Fam Physician 69 (6):1465-70. PMID: 15053411
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
- ↑ Cirilli AR (2013) Emergency evaluation and management of the sore throat. Emerg Med Clin North Am 31 (2):501-15. DOI:10.1016/j.emc.2013.01.002 PMID: 23601485
- ↑ Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M (2005) The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis 5 (11):685-94. DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70267-X PMID: 16253886
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.
- ↑ Bisno AL, Gerber MA, Gwaltney JM, Kaplan EL, Schwartz RH, Infectious Diseases Society of America (2002) Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 35 (2):113-25. DOI:10.1086/340949 PMID: 12087516