Bacterial meningitis epidemiology and demographics
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Bacterial meningitis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Epidemiology
Incidence
Prevalence
Demographics
Age
- The frequency of different causative agents causing bacterial meningitis varies with different age groups
- There is increased incidence of bacterial meningitis with increasing age
- In USA, the incidence rate is 0.66 cases per 100, 000 in age groups from 18 to 34 years compared to 1.92 cases per 100, 000 in age group >65 years of age.[1]
- The case fatality rate in USA in age group 18-34 years of age is 16.4 percent compared to 22.7 percent in individuals >65 years of age
Race
Gender
Geographical distribution
- The frequency of different bacterial causes of meningitis may vary in different parts of the world.
- Meningococcal meningitis is commonest cause of meningitis epidemic in developing world. However, it is relatively uncommon cause of meningitis in USA and Europe.[2]
- In African countries the streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of high mortality rates due to bacterial meningitis.
- In USA, the overall incidence of bacterial meningitis has decreased significantly since the emergence of vaccine against Hemophilus influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae.[1]
- Streptococcus suis is the new emerging cause of bacterial meningitis in Asia.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, Zell ER, Lynfield R, Hadler JL; et al. (2011). "Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998-2007". N Engl J Med. 364 (21): 2016–25. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1005384. PMID 21612470.
- ↑ Moore PS (1992). "Meningococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa: a model for the epidemic process". Clin Infect Dis. 14 (2): 515–25. PMID 1554841.
- ↑ Wertheim HF, Nghia HD, Taylor W, Schultsz C (2009). "Streptococcus suis: an emerging human pathogen". Clin Infect Dis. 48 (5): 617–25. doi:10.1086/596763. PMID 19191650.