Septic arthritis pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Pathophysiology

Bacteria are carried by the bloodstream from an infectious focus elsewhere, introduced by a skin lesion that penetrates the joint, or by extension from adjacent tissue (e.g. bone or bursae).

Microorganisms must reach the synovial membrane of a joint. This can happen in any of the following ways:

• Dissemination of pathogens via the blood, from abscesses or wound infections
• Dissemination from an acute osteomyelitic focus
• Dissemination from adjacent soft tissue infection
• Entry via penetrating trauma
• Entry via iatrogenic means