Stroke
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Stroke Main page | |
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Stroke On the Web | |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]; Tarek Nafee, M.D. [3]; Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [4]
Overview
Causes
Classification
Differential diagnosis
Epidemiology and Demographics
Stroke in USA
- Stroke is a leading cause of serious long-term disability
- In USA, the incidence and mortality rates of stroke has significantly decreased compared to previous years.
- From year 2003 to 2013, the mortality rates due to stroke declined by 18.5%.[1]
- In 2013, stroke became the fifth leading cause of death.
- The case fatality rate of stroke is estimated to be 41.7 deaths per 100, 000 population[1]
- The incidence of new (610, 000) or recurrent stroke (185, 000) is estimated to be 795000 people annually or 250 cases per 100, 000.[1]
- It is estimated that one incidence of stroke happens every 4 sec with death occuring every 4 min.[1]
- About 87% of all strokes are ischemic strokes[2]
- Stroke costs the United States an estimated $34 billion each year[2]
Worldwide
- According to WHO, the incidence of stroke is estimated to be 15 million people annually, worldwide.[3].
- Out of these, 5 million die and 5 million are left permanently disbaled.[3].
Age
- Stroke can occur in all age groups. However, the incidence of stroke is less among individuals age less than 40 years of age and the risk increases with increasing age. [2]
- According to WHO, stroke also occurs in about 8% of children with sickle cell disease.[3].
- In 2009, 34% of people hospitalized for stroke were younger than 65 years[2]
- The incidence of stroke in people aged 18 to 50 years is estimated to be approximately 10%. [1]
The rate of decline in mortality rates of stroke in different age groups is as follows:[1]
- >65 years of age: from 534.1 to 245.2 per 100,000
- 45-65 years of age: from 43.5 to 20.2 per 100,000
- 18 to 44 years of age: from from 3.7 to 2.0 per 100,000
Gender
There is increased incidence of stroke in men as compared to women.
Race
- The risk of incidence of first stroke is twice in african american population as compared to whites with increased mortality rates.[2]
- Hispanics’ risk for stroke falls between that of whites and blacks [2]
Geographical distribution
- There is increased incidence and mortality rates of stroke in developing countries as compared to developed countries due to low socio economic status and heath facilites.
- In USA, the highest death rates from stroke are in the southeastern United States.[2]
Diagnosis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Writing Group Members. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ; et al. (2016). "Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association". Circulation. 133 (4): e38–360. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350. PMID 26673558.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm Accessed on November 3, 2016
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Mackay, Judith, et al. The atlas of heart disease and stroke. World Health Organization, 2004 Accessed on November 3 2016