Coxsackie virus

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2]

Coxsackie Virus
Overview
Classification Coxsackie A virus Coxsackie B virus Coxsackie B4 virus
Differential Diagnosis

Overview

Coxsackie (virus) is a cytolytic virus of the Picornaviridae family, an enterovirus (a group containing the polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses). There are 61 non-polio enteroviruses that can cause disease in humans, of which 23 are Coxsackie A viruses (6 are Coxsackie B viruses). Enterovirus are the second most common viral infectious agents in humans (after the rhinoviruses)

Classification

Coxsackie viruses consist of Coxsackie A virus and Coxsackie B virus. Coxsackie B virus has 6 serotypes, one of the significant serotypes is called Coxsackie B4 virus.

Differential Diagnosis

Coxsackie A virus and Coxsackie B virus can cause multiple diseases in humans. The wide array of diseases caused by Coxsackie viruses can be differentiated from one another easily on the basis of involvement of the organs systems, clinical presentation and diagnostic techniques.

Virus Type	Disease	Clinical Features	Diagnosis
Coxscakie A virus	Hand foot and mouth disease	Fever Headache Loss of appetite Maculopapular or vesicular rash with very small blisters on hands, feet, and diaper area; may be tender or painful if pressed Sore throat* Ulcers in the throat (including tonsils), mouth, and tongue	Throat and lesion swabs Tzanck test
	Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis	Rapidly progressive Infection starts ipsilaterally, but rapidly involves the fellow eye within 1 or 2 days Eyelids swelling Tearing Eye redness Severe eye pain Purulent discharge Subconjunctival hemorrhage	Positive conjunctival scraping for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Positive viral culture of corneal epithelial cells for HSV
	Herpangina	Sudden fever Sore throat and dysphagia- May occur up to 24 hours before the appearance of the enanthem Vomitting Abdominal pain Myalgia Headache Pharyngeal lesions	Primarily clinical Pharyngeal viral cultures may be helpful Approximately 1 week after infection, type-specific antibodies appear in the blood
	Aseptic Meningitis
Coxsackie B virus	Pericarditis
	Myocarditis
	Pericardial effusion
	Pleurodynia
	Hepatitis
	Sjogren's syndrome

Template:WikiDoc Sources