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Peritonitis Main Page
Patient Information
Overview
Causes
Classification Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Secondary Peritonitis
Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]

Causes

Common causes Less common causes Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Aerobic gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli Gram-positive cocci, such as  Streptococcus Enterococcus  Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus salivarius Poly-microbial infection Secondary peritonitis Gram-negative bacilli (e.g. Escherichia coli),  Anaerobic bacteria (e.g. Bacteroides fragilis) Enterobacter cloacae Staphylococcus epidermidis Propionibacterium species Pseudomonas Enterococcus Candida

Classification

Peritonitis is classified based on the cause of the inflammatory process and the character of microbial contamination as follows:

Peritonitis                                                                                         Primary peritonitis         Secondary peritonitis         Tertiary peritonitis                                             ❑ Spontaneous peritonitis ❑ Peritonitis in patients with CAPD ❑ Tuberculous peritonitis                         ❑ Peritonitis without evidence for pathogens ❑ Peritonitis with fungi ❑ Peritonitis with low-grade pathogenic bacteria                                                                                                                               Acute perforation peritonitis ❑ Gastrointestinal perforation ❑ Intestinal ischemia ❑ Pelviperitonitis and other forms     Postoperative peritonitis ❑ Anastomotic leak ❑ Accidental perforation and devascularization     Post-traumatic peritonitis ❑ After blunt abdominal trauma ❑ After penetrating abdominal trauma