Rotavirus infection laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Laboratory Findings

• Specific diagnosis of the disease is made by identification of the virus in the patient's stool. The most widely used diagnostic laboratory method is antigen detection in the stool by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) directed at an antigen common to all group A rotaviruses (i.e., those that are the principal cause of human disease).

Other diagnostic techniques that can be used:

• • Electron microscopy
  • RNA electrophoresis
  • Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
  • Tissue culture

• The virus is usually excreted in the stool in the first phases of the infection so, stool examination is required to detect the virus particles. Polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis can be used to detect the virus in the patients stool.

• Antigen detecting tests can be used to diagnose the rotavirus infection. It includes:
  • Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
  • Immunochromatographic assay