Rotavirus infection physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Physical examination

Appearance of the patient

The patient with rotavirus infection may be in a normal appearance. In cases of dehydration, there will be change in the patient appearance depending on the severity of the dehydration as the following:^[1]^[2]

In early stages of the rotavirus infection the patients are asymptomatic.
In advanced cases, the patient may show irritable behavior.
In severe cases, the patient appears pale and lethargic.

Vital signs

Low blood pressure
Fever due to the infection and the dehydration

Skin

Dry skin in case of dehydration.
Pallor

HEENT

In infants depressed anterior fontanell may be felt in case of dehydration
Sunken eyes

Heart

Normal heart sounds
No murmurs, gallops or rubs

Abdomen

Abdominal tenderness
Cramps

Genitourinary

Decreased urinary output

Neuromuscular

Rotavirus can cause several neurological signs in the severe cases including:^[3]

Convulsions
Encephalopathy
Encephalitis

References

↑ Parashar UD, Nelson EA, Kang G (2013). "Diagnosis, management, and prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children". BMJ. 347: f7204. doi:10.1136/bmj.f7204. PMID 24379214.
↑ WHO http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43209/1/9241593180.pdf Accessed on May 8, 2017
↑ Dickey M, Jamison L, Michaud L, Care M, Bernstein DI, Staat MA (2009). "Rotavirus meningoencephalitis in a previously healthy child and a review of the literature". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 28 (4): 318–21. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31818ddbe9. PMID 19258926.

[pmid24379214-1] Parashar UD, Nelson EA, Kang G (2013). "Diagnosis, management, and prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children". BMJ. 347: f7204. doi:10.1136/bmj.f7204. PMID 24379214.

[The_treatment_of_the_diarrheoa-2] WHO http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43209/1/9241593180.pdf Accessed on May 8, 2017

[pmid19258926-3] Dickey M, Jamison L, Michaud L, Care M, Bernstein DI, Staat MA (2009). "Rotavirus meningoencephalitis in a previously healthy child and a review of the literature". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 28 (4): 318–21. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31818ddbe9. PMID 19258926.

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