Sandbox:DAMI

Gynecomastia Microchapters
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Overview
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Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Gynecomastia from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic study of choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
CT
MRI
Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
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Medical Therapy
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Future or Investigational Therapies
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Case #1
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Gynaecomastia, Gynaecomazia, Gynecomazia, Hypertrophy of male breast, Mammary enlargement in male

Gynecomastia risk factors

Risk factors

The most potent risk factor in the development of gynecomastia is idiopathic often multifactorial.

Common Risk Factors

• Idiopathic

• Drugs (12765)
  • Spironolactone
  • Cimetidine
  • Recombinant Human Growth Hormone
  • Estrogens
  • Human Chorionic gonadotropin
  • Anti-androgens
  • Gonadotropin Releasing hormone (GNRH) agonists
  • 5-alpha reductase inhibitors
  • Ketoconazole
  • steroids
  • INH
  • Digoxin
• Cirrhosis
• Starvation and Refeeding
• Male hypogonadism
• Testicular neoplasms
• Hyperthyroidism
• Chronic Kidney disease
• Tumors

Less Common Risk Factors

• Feminizing adrenal tumors
• Ectopic hCG
• Disorders of sex development
• Familial prepubertal gynecomastia

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case study

Case #1

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