Botulism risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Michael Maddaleni, B.S.
Overview
Botulism risk factors can be based upon the different types of the disease. The infants are more vulnerable to get infected with botulinum toxin. Honey and corn ingestion are common risk factors for the infants to get infected. Ingestion of preformed food and canned food increase the susceptibility of the infection. The intravenous drug abusers are vulnerable to get infected with wound botulism as well.
Risk Factors
Botulism risk factors can be based upon each botulism type as the following:[1][2]
Infant botulism
Infants are especially vulnerable to botulism.[3][4]
- The infants living in the rural areas are more susceptible to be infected with botulism.
- Feeding corn to the infants
- Sharing objects of infected infants with the healthy individuals can increase risk of infection to the healthy
- Being in contact with soil
- Honey intake
- Slow intestinal movement.
Foodborne botulism
Using home canning methods increase risk for contracting botulism.
- Canned Food such as:
- Fish
- Vegetables as the following:
- Beets
- Corn
- Spinach
- String beans
- Chili peppers
- Asparagus
- Honey
- Ingestion of preformed food generally.[5]
These foods, especially the vegetables in a can, cause a risk because they are at the same pH that the clostridium botulinum needs to survive. Also, the bacteria needs an anaerobic environment to survive, and this is what occurs in a canned product.
Acquiring botulism from inhalation is much rarer. Currently, the only people really at risk are certain factory workers as well as certain laboratory workers.
Wound botulism
Wound botulism is a rare type of the disease yet, it is important to know the risk factors in order to completely prevent it. The wound botulism risk factors include the following:[6]
- Intravenous drug abuse.
- Cut wound with an infected object.
References
- ↑ CDC https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/definition.html Accessed on May 21, 2017
- ↑ Midura TF (1996). "Update: infant botulism". Clin Microbiol Rev. 9 (2): 119–25. PMC 172885. PMID 8964030.
- ↑ Istre GR, Compton R, Novotny T, Young JE, Hatheway CL, Hopkins RS (1986). "Infant botulism. Three cases in a small town". Am J Dis Child. 140 (10): 1013–4. PMID 3529934.
- ↑ Spika JS, Shaffer N, Hargrett-Bean N, Collin S, MacDonald KL, Blake PA (1989). "Risk factors for infant botulism in the United States". Am J Dis Child. 143 (7): 828–32. PMID 2741856.
- ↑ Carter AT, Peck MW (2015). "Genomes, neurotoxins and biology of Clostridium botulinum Group I and Group II". Res Microbiol. 166 (4): 303–17. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2014.10.010. PMC 4430135. PMID 25445012.
- ↑ Swedberg J, Wendel TH, Deiss F (1987). "Wound botulism". West J Med. 147 (3): 335–8. PMC 1025878. PMID 3314158.