Smoking surgery

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Smoking Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Smoking from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X-rays

Ultrasound

CT Scan

MRI

Other Imaging Studies

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of smoking. Various complications of smoking may benefit form surgery like carcinomas, stroke, coronary artery disease and ectopic pregnancy.

Surgery

Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of smoking. Various complications of smoking may benefit form surgery like:

References

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