Echinococcosis history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[3]

Overview

Persons with echinococcosis often remain asymptomatic. The clinical presentation of echinococcosis infection depends upon the site of the cysts and their size. The cysts are mainly found in the liver and lungs but can also appear in the brain, eyes, spleen, kidneys, heart, bone, and central nervous system. Cyst rupture is most frequently caused by trauma and may cause mild to severe anaphylactic reactions, even death, as a result of the release of cystic fluid.

History and Symptoms

Persons with echinococcosis often remain asymptomatic. The clinical presentation of echinococcosis infection depends upon the site of the cysts and their size. The cysts are mainly found in the liver and lungs but can also appear in the brain, eyes, spleen, kidneys, heart, bone, and central nervous system. Cyst rupture is most frequently caused by trauma and may cause mild to severe anaphylactic reactions, even death, as a result of the release of cystic fluid.

System	Symtpoms
Liver involvement	No symptoms (if cysts are less than <10cms) Hepatomegaly with or without associated right upper quadrant pain Nausea, and vomiting Cysts can rupture into the biliary tree and produce biliary colic, obstructive jaundice, cholangitis, or pancreatitis Mass effects on the bile ducts, portal and hepatic veins, or on the inferior vena cava can result in cholestasis, portal hypertension, venous obstruction, or the Budd-Chiari syndrome.
Lung involvement	Most common Cough   Chest pain   Dyspnea  Hemoptysis .
	Less common Malaise Nausea and vomiting Thoracic deformations
Heart	Mechanical rupture of valves Pericardial tamponade
CNS	Seizures Raised intracranial pressure Infection of the spinal cord results in spinal cord compression
Renal	Hematuria and flank pain Nephrotic syndrome due to to immune complex deposition