Pheochromocytoma natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [2]
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Overview
Pheochromocytoma is adrenaline secreting tumor, usually develop in fifth decade of life. Symptoms start with tachycardia, hypertension, headache and sweating.
Massive release of catecholamines can causes hyperglycemia, malignant hypertension and metastasis. The prognosis of pheochromocytoma is generally good but metastatic pheochromocytoma has a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%[1]
Natural History, Complication and Prognosis
Natural History
Pheochromocytoma is adrenaline secreting tumor, usually develop in fifth decade of life. Symptoms start with tachycardia, hypertension, headache and sweating. If left untreated it causes hyperglycemia, hypertension emergency that causes heart failure, cerebrovascular strokes. If malignant, It cam metastasize to lymph nodes, bones, lungs, and liver.
Complication
- The massive release of catecholamines in pheochromocytoma can cause damage to myocytes.[2] This damage may be due to either a compromise of the coronary microcirculation or the direct toxic effects of catecholamines on myocytes.[2]
Other complications may include:
- Hyperglycemia due to opposing insulin effect by high doses of adrenaline secreted by tumor.
- Malignant hypertension that may cause cerebrovascular accidents such as intracranial hemorrhage, coronary syndrome, aortic dissection and heart failure.
- Metastasis to lymph nodes, bones, lungs, and liver.
Prognosis
- Pheochromocytoma prognosis is good if treated.
- Approximately 10% recur after being resected.
- Patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma five-year survival rates are approximately 50%.[1]. Survival rate may depend on the primary tumor site and sites of metastases.
- Tumor burden, location of metastases, and rate of progression are the main factors affecting prognosis. Metastases in brain, liver have a worse prognosis than other metastases.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 National Cancer Institute. Physician Data Query Database 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/types/pheochromocytoma/hp/pheochromocytoma-treatment-pdq#link/_25_toc
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Goldman 2011, pp. 327