Hantavirus infection epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Hantavirus infection has a diverse epidemiology and demographics due to the vast number of viruses classified under hantaviruses. The total number of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases reported in the United States from 2004-2015 is 323.

Epidemiology

Incidence

• Total number of HPS cases reported in the United States from 2004-2015 is 323.
• Total number of HPS cases reported in the United States from 1993-2003 is 336.
• The annual incidence of HPS in Europe is 3,000 per 100,000 persons.

Case fatality rate

The case-mortality rate of Hantavirus infection is approximately 50% worldwide.

Demographics

Age

The mean age of confirmed HPS cases is 38 years (range: 5 to 84 years).

Gender

Men and women are affected equally by hantavirus infection but of persons ill with hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, 63% have been male, 37% female.

Race

There is no racial predilection for hantavirus infection. However, Whites currently account for 78% of all cases. American Indians account for about 18% of cases, African Americans for 1% of cases, and Asians for 1% of cases. Of cases with known ethnicity, 19% of HPS cases have been reported among Hispanics (ethnicity considered separately from race).

Geographic distrubution

• Of total 659 cases reported in the United States, 96% occurred in states west of the Mississippi River,
• Cases have been reported in 30 states, including most of the western half of the country and some eastern states as well. Over half of the confirmed cases have been reported from areas outside the Four Corners area.
• About three-quarters of patients with HPS have been residents of rural areas.