Hypogonadism pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
Hypogonadism in males
- The hypogonadism pathogenesis in males depends mainly on the testosterone deficiency. Testosterone secretion occurs as the following:
- Testosterone is secreted in response to stimulation signals from the brain cortex to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus by its role secrets the gonadotropin releasing hormones (GnRH).
- GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland which by its role secretes the gonadal hormones the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and the Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
- In males, LH stimulates the leydig cells in the testes which produce testosterone by converting the cholesterol to testosterone.
- Production of testosterone from the testes gives negative feed back to the pituitary. This feedback inhibit the production of FSH and LH from the pituitary.
- Testosterone deficiency can occur when different acquired or congenital disease affect the organs responsible for its secretion. So, pathogenesis of the hypogonadism in males depends on the underlying cause.[1]
- GnRH deficiency has a main role in hypogonadism pathogenesis in males as it leads to decrease of the gonadal hormone and deficiency of testosterone eventually.[2]
- It has been proved that GnRH deficiency is associated with most cases of idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in males.
References
- ↑ Kumar P, Kumar N, Thakur DS, Patidar A (2010). "Male hypogonadism: Symptoms and treatment". J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 1 (3): 297–301. doi:10.4103/0110-5558.72420. PMC 3255409. PMID 22247861.
- ↑ Spratt DI, Carr DB, Merriam GR, Scully RE, Rao PN, Crowley WF (1987). "The spectrum of abnormal patterns of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: clinical and laboratory correlations". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 64 (2): 283–91. doi:10.1210/jcem-64-2-283. PMID 3098771.