Hypogonadism risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Risk Factors

Men

Based on several studies done in different populations, many risk factors for hypogonadism have been suggested. The studies ended up into common and less common risk factors which are discussed below.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Common risk factors in men

Common risk factors of hypogonadism include the following:

Dyslipidemia
Obesity
Alcohol intake
Cancer
Metabolic syndrome
Poor health status and increase medications intake
Diabetes mellitus

Less common risk factors in men

Less risk factors of hypogonadism include the following:

Hypercholesterolemia
Coronary artery diseases
Hypertension
Heart failure
Smoking
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy

Women

Based on a study done among women in menopause, various risk factors of hypogonadism or premature ovarian failure were suggested. These risk factors are enlisted below.^[4]^[5]

Common risk factors in women

Nulliparious women
History of irregular menstrual periods

References

↑ Zarotsky V, Huang MY, Carman W, Morgentaler A, Singhal PK, Coffin D; et al. (2014). "Systematic literature review of the risk factors, comorbidities, and consequences of hypogonadism in men". Andrology. 2 (6): 819–34. doi:10.1111/andr.274. PMID 25269643.
↑ Laaksonen DE, Niskanen L, Punnonen K, Nyyssönen K, Tuomainen TP, Valkonen VP; et al. (2005). "The metabolic syndrome and smoking in relation to hypogonadism in middle-aged men: a prospective cohort study". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 90 (2): 712–9. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0970. PMID 15536158.
↑ Template:Citejournal
↑ Progetto Menopausa Italia Study Group (2003). "Premature ovarian failure: frequency and risk factors among women attending a network of menopause clinics in Italy". BJOG. 110 (1): 59–63. PMID 12504937.
↑ Testa G, Chiaffarino F, Vegetti W, Nicolosi A, Caliari I, Alagna F; et al. (2001). "Case-control study on risk factors for premature ovarian failure". Gynecol Obstet Invest. 51 (1): 40–3. doi:52889 Check |doi= value (help). PMID 11150874.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid25269643-1] Zarotsky V, Huang MY, Carman W, Morgentaler A, Singhal PK, Coffin D; et al. (2014). "Systematic literature review of the risk factors, comorbidities, and consequences of hypogonadism in men". Andrology. 2 (6): 819–34. doi:10.1111/andr.274. PMID 25269643.

[pmid15536158-2] Laaksonen DE, Niskanen L, Punnonen K, Nyyssönen K, Tuomainen TP, Valkonen VP; et al. (2005). "The metabolic syndrome and smoking in relation to hypogonadism in middle-aged men: a prospective cohort study". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 90 (2): 712–9. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0970. PMID 15536158.

[HaringIttermann2010-3] Template:Citejournal

[pmid12504937-4] Progetto Menopausa Italia Study Group (2003). "Premature ovarian failure: frequency and risk factors among women attending a network of menopause clinics in Italy". BJOG. 110 (1): 59–63. PMID 12504937.

[pmid11150874-5] Testa G, Chiaffarino F, Vegetti W, Nicolosi A, Caliari I, Alagna F; et al. (2001). "Case-control study on risk factors for premature ovarian failure". Gynecol Obstet Invest. 51 (1): 40–3. doi:52889 Check |doi= value (help). PMID 11150874.

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