Hypoglycemia history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[2]
Overview
Hypoglycemic symptoms and manifestations can be divided into those produced by the counterregulatory hormones: adrenergic Manifestations: anxiety, nervousness, tremor, Palpitations, Sweating, coldness. Glucagon Manifestations: Hunger, nausea, vomiting. Neuroglycopenic Manifestations: irritability, weakness, apathy, lethargy Confusion, amnesia.
History and symptoms
- Hypoglycemic symptoms and manifestations can be divided into those produced by the counterregulatory hormones (adrenaline and glucagon) triggered by the falling glucose and the neuroglycopenic effects produced by the reduced brain sugar.
- The attacks may occur in the fasting or postprandial state.
- Because of hypoglycemia unawareness, patients can't correct hypoglycemia themselves and need help from the observer.
Adrenergic Manifestations [1][2]
- Shakiness, anxiety, nervousness, tremor
- Palpitations
- Sweating, feeling of warmth
- Coldness, clamminess
Glucagon Manifestations
Neuroglycopenic Manifestations [3][4]
- Nonspecific dysphoria, anxiety, moodiness, depression, crying
- Negativism, irritability, belligerence, combativeness, rage
- Fatigue, weakness, apathy, lethargy, daydreaming, sleep
- Confusion, amnesia, dizziness, delirium
- Blurred vision, double vision
- Difficulty speaking, slurred speech
- Paresthesias, headache
- Stupor
- Generalized or focal seizures
References
- ↑ Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P (1993). "Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms". Diabetes. 42 (12): 1791–8. PMID 8243825.
- ↑ Hepburn DA, Deary IJ, Frier BM, Patrick AW, Quinn JD, Fisher BM (1991). "Symptoms of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans with and without IDDM. Factor-analysis approach". Diabetes Care. 14 (11): 949–57. PMID 1797507.
- ↑ Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P (1993). "Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms". Diabetes. 42 (12): 1791–8. PMID 8243825.
- ↑ Cryer PE (2007). "Hypoglycemia, functional brain failure, and brain death". J Clin Invest. 117 (4): 868–70. doi:10.1172/JCI31669. PMC 1838950. PMID 17404614.