Mastoiditis risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mehrian Jafarizade, M.D [2]
Overview
The risk factors for mastoiditis are related to acute otitis media risk factors. These include allergy, upper respiratory tract infection, snoring, previous history of acute otitis media, passive smoker, smoking during pregnancy, low social status. Exposure of infants to day-care centers is a controversial risk factor. [1]
Common Risk Factors
The risk factors for mastoiditis are related to acute otitis media risk factors.
Risk factors for acute mastoiditis:
- Allergy
- Upper respiratory tract infection
- Snoring
- Previous history of acute otitis media
- Passive smoker
- smoking during pregnancy
- Low social status[1]
Risk factors for subacute mastoiditis:
- Infancy
- Elderly
- Diabetic
- Immunosuppressed and debilitated patients[2]
Less Common Risk Factors
The other risk factor that is controversial is the exposure of infants to day-care centers. Day care attendance may cause an increased incidence of upper airways infections and acute otitis media and therefore mastoiditis. Countries with different start age for child care in day-care centers show differences in incidence peaks of acute otitis media.[3][4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zhang Y, Xu M, Zhang J, Zeng L, Wang Y, Zheng QY (2014). "Risk factors for chronic and recurrent otitis media-a meta-analysis". PLoS ONE. 9 (1): e86397. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086397. PMC 3900534. PMID 24466073.
- ↑ Holt GR, Gates GA (1983). "Masked mastoiditis". Laryngoscope. 93 (8): 1034–7. PMID 6877011.
- ↑ Groth A, Enoksson F, Hultcrantz M, Stalfors J, Stenfeldt K, Hermansson A (2012). "Acute mastoiditis in children aged 0-16 years--a national study of 678 cases in Sweden comparing different age groups". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 76 (10): 1494–500. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.07.002. PMID 22832239.
- ↑ Harley EH, Sdralis T, Berkowitz RG (1997). "Acute mastoiditis in children: a 12-year retrospective study". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 116 (1): 26–30. doi:10.1016/S0194-59989770347-4. PMID 9018253.