Gynecomastia causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
- Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
- Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
- The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
- The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.
Causes
- Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
- Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
- The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
- The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.
Life-threatening Causes
- Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
- [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].
Common Causes
[Disease name] may be caused by:
- [cause1]
- [cause2]
- [cause3]
- [Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
- [Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of disease name include:
- [cause1]
- [cause2]
- [cause3]
Genetic Causes
- [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
According to underlying pathophysiology, the causes of gynecomastia are:
Decreased Testosterone
- Androgen-insensitivity syndrome
- Congenital anorchia
- Five alpha-reductase deficiency
- Hypopituitarism
- Kallman Syndrome
- Klinefelter Syndrome
- Renal Failure
- Testicular trauma
- Torsion of the testes
- Viral orchitis
Increased Estrogens
- Adrenal cancer
- Chronic liver disease
- Extragonadal germ cell tumors
- Familial gynecomastia
- Hyperthyroidism
- Kidney carcinoma
- Liver cancer
- Lung carcinoma
- Malnutrition
- Other gastrointestinal (GI) tract carcinoma
- Stomach cancer
- Testicular cancer
Physiologic causes
- Benign gynecomastia of adolescence
- Drugs
- Familial gynecomastia
- Gynecomastia in the newborn
- Gynecomastia of aging
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Alcohol, Anabolic, Bicalutamide, Chemotherapeutic, Chlorpromazine, Cimetidine, Clomiphene, Diazepam, Digoxin, Efavirenz, Estrogens, Etravirine, Etomidate, Febuxostat, Finasteride, Fluoxymesterone, Haloperidol, Heroin, Histrelin, Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), Iloperidone, Isoniazid, Ketoconazole, Leuprolide, Loxapine, Marijuana, Megestrol, Methadone, Methyldopa, Metoclopramide, Metronidazole, Mitotane, Nifedipine, Nizatidine, Oxandrolone, Olanzapine, Omeprazole, Oxymetholone, Penicillamine, Phenothiazine, Pramipexole, Sertraline, Sorafenib, Spironolactone, Steroid, Tamoxifen, Tiagabine, Tricyclic antidepressants, Trifluoperazine, Verapamil, Melatonin |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.[1] [2]
- Acromegaly
- Adrenal Cancer
- Androgen-insensitivity Syndrome
- Breast Cancer
- Carcinoid
- Chromophobe adenoma
- Chronic Liver Disease
- Chronic renal insufficiency
- Cirrhosis
- Congenital anorchia
- Extragonadal germ cell tumors
- Familial gynecomastia
- Five alpha-reductase deficiency Syndrome
- Hemochromatosis
- Hepatitis
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hypogonadism
- Hypopituitarism
- Hypothyroidism
- Idiopathic
- Kallman Syndrome
- Kidney Carcinoma
- Klinefelter Syndrome
- Liver cancer
- Local irradiation
- Lung cancer
- Medications/drugs:
- Alcohol
- Anabolic
- Bicalutamide
- Chemotherapeutics
- Chlorpromazine
- Cimetidine
- Clomiphene
- Diazepam
- Digoxin
- Efavirenz
- Estrogens
- Etravirine
- Etomidate
- Febuxostat
- Finasteride
- Fluoxymesterone,
- Haloperidol
- Heroin
- Histrelin
- Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
- Iloperidone
- Isoniazid
- Ketoconazole
- Leuprolide
- Loxapine
- Marijuana
- Megestrol
- Methadone
- Methyldopa
- Metoclopramide
- Metronidazole
- Mitotane
- Nifedipine
- Nizatidine
- Oxandrolone
- Olanzapine
- Omeprazole
- Oxymetholone
- Penicillamine
- Phenothiazine
- Pramipexole
- Sertraline
- Sorafenib
- Spironolactone
- Steroids
- Tamoxifen
- Tiagabine
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Trifluoperazine
- Verapamil
- Melatonin
- Persistent postpubertal/elderly gynecomastia
- Physiologic gynecomastia of puberty
- Re-feeding after starvation
- Stomach cancer
- Testicular cancer
- Testicular trauma
- Thyroid Disease
- Torsion of testes
- Viral orchitis