Gynecomastia causes
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'Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: 'Husnain Shaukat, M.D
Overview
- Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
- Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
- The most common cause of gynaecomastia is idiopathic.[1]
Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
- The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.
Causes
- Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
- Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
- The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
- The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.
Life-threatening Causes
- Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
- [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].
Common Causes
Most common causes of gynecomastia are:
- Drugs[2][3][4] [5]
- Common drugs causing gynecomastia includes:
- Antiandrogens
- 5-Alpha reductase inhibtors
- Cimitidine
- Estrogen
- Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist
- Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
- Recombinant human growth hormone
- To review complete list of drugs causing gynecomastia, click here.
- Common drugs causing gynecomastia includes:
- Idiopathic[3]
- Physiologic[3]
- Adolescence
- Aging
- Infancy
- Pathologic
- Cirrhosis
- Chronic Renal disease
- Hyperthyrodism
- Primary hypogonadism
- Persistent pubertal gynecomastia
- Secondary hypogonadism
- Testicular tumors
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of Gynecomastia include:
- Aromatase overexpression[6]
- Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
- Drugs
- To review complete list of drugs causing gynecomastia, click here.
- Testosterone pathway defects
- Kallmann syndrome
- Tumors
To review complete list of gynecomastia causes, click here.
Genetic Causes
- [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
Based on the androgen and estrogen balance
- Decreased Testosterone
- Androgen-insensitivity syndrome
- Congenital anorchia
- Five alpha-reductase deficiency
- Hypopituitarism
- Kallman Syndrome
- Klinefelter Syndrome
- Renal Failure
- Testicular trauma
- Torsion of the testes
- Viral orchitis
- Increased Estrogens
- Adrenal cancer
- Chronic liver disease
- Extragonadal germ cell tumors
- Familial gynecomastia
- Hyperthyroidism
- Kidney carcinoma
- Liver cancer
- Lung carcinoma
- Malnutrition
- Other gastrointestinal (GI) tract carcinoma
- Stomach cancer
- Testicular cancer
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Alcohol, Anabolic, Bicalutamide, Chemotherapeutic, Chlorpromazine, Cimetidine, Clomiphene, Diazepam, Digoxin, Efavirenz, Estrogens, Etravirine, Etomidate, Febuxostat, Finasteride, Fluoxymesterone, Haloperidol, Heroin, Histrelin, Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), Iloperidone, Isoniazid, Ketoconazole, Leuprolide, Loxapine, Marijuana, Megestrol, Methadone, Methyldopa, Metoclopramide, Metronidazole, Mitotane, Nifedipine, Nizatidine, Oxandrolone, Olanzapine, Omeprazole, Oxymetholone, Penicillamine, Phenothiazine, Pramipexole, Sertraline, Sorafenib, Spironolactone, Steroid, Tamoxifen, Tiagabine, Tricyclic antidepressants, Trifluoperazine, Verapamil, Melatonin |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.[7] [8]
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3References
- ↑ Vandeven H, Pensler J. PMID 28613563. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Deepinder F, Braunstein GD (2012). "Drug-induced gynecomastia: an evidence-based review". Expert Opin Drug Saf. 11 (5): 779–95. doi:10.1517/14740338.2012.712109. PMID 22862307.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Braunstein GD (2007). "Clinical practice. Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 357 (12): 1229–37. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp070677. PMID 17881754.
- ↑ Lainscak M, Pelliccia F, Rosano G, Vitale C, Schiariti M, Greco C; et al. (2015). "Safety profile of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: Spironolactone and eplerenone". Int J Cardiol. 200: 25–9. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.127. PMID 26404748.
- ↑ Henley DV, Lipson N, Korach KS, Bloch CA (2007). "Prepubertal gynecomastia linked to lavender and tea tree oils". N Engl J Med. 356 (5): 479–85. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa064725. PMID 17267908.
- ↑ Shozu M, Sebastian S, Takayama K, Hsu WT, Schultz RA, Neely K; et al. (2003). "Estrogen excess associated with novel gain-of-function mutations affecting the aromatase gene". N Engl J Med. 348 (19): 1855–65. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa021559. PMID 12736278.
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X