Zollinger-Ellison syndrome screening

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2]

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Zollinger-Ellison syndrome from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome screening On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome screening

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Zollinger-Ellison syndrome screening

CDC on Zollinger-Ellison syndrome screening

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome screening in the news

Blogs on Zollinger-Ellison syndrome screening

Directions to Hospitals Treating Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Risk calculators and risk factors for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome screening

Overview

The single best screening test for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is by measuring fasting serum gastrin levels. Other tests such as provocative tests include, the secretin stimulation test, calcium stimulation test, secretin-plus-calcium stimulation tests, bombesin test, and protein meal test.

Screening

  • The single best screening test for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is by measuring fasting serum gastrin levels.
  • At the time of the test, it is advised not to take gastric antisecretory medications.
  • Serial multiple measurements on different days have to be performed because, fasting gastrin levels can fluctuate from day to day and can appear to be normal.
  • Normal levels of serum gastrin in untreated ZES are extremely rare (<1%)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1 (MEN 1) syndrome should be suspected if serum calcium levels are elevated.
  • Gastric acid secretory test: Basal acid output (BAO) greater than 15 mEq/h or greater than 5 mEq/h in patients with a prior vagotomy and partial gastrectomy is suggestive of ZES.
  • Basal gastric secretory volume greater than 140 mL in patients with no prior gastric acid–reducing surgery has a high sensitivity and specificity.
  • Gastric pH less than 2.0 in the presence of a large gastric volume (>140 mL over 1 h in patients without prior gastric acid–reducing surgery) is highly suggestive of ZES.
  • Provocative tests:
  • Secretin stimulation test
  • Calcium stimulation test
  • Secretin-plus-calcium stimulation tests
  • Bombesin test
  • Protein meal test
  • Secretin stimulation test is the provocative test of choice because of its higher sensitivity. In this test, a 2-U/kg bolus of secretin is administered intravenously after an overnight fast, and serum levels of gastrin are determined at 0, 2, 5, 10, and 15 minutes. An increase in serum gastrin of greater than 200 pg/mL is diagnostic.
  • Evaluation of a patient with suspected gastrinoma:
  • Step 1: Fasting gastrin level are evaluated. A minimum of 3 fasting levels of gastrin on different days are measured.
  • Step 2: Gastric acid secretory studies which reveal highly suggestive findings of gastrinoma:
  • Basal acid output (BAO) value of greater than 15 mEq/h (OR)
  • Gastric volume of greater than 140 mL and pH of less than 2.0 .
  • Step 3: Perform a provocative test. The secretin stimulation test is the preferred test.
  • Step 4: Perform somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS).
  • Step 5: Perform imaging studies to stage and localize the gastrinoma.
  • Step 6: Determine if patient is a surgical candidate for tumor resection.

References

Template:WH Template:WS