Acromegaly natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

• If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
• Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
• Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

• If left untreated, 30% of patients with acromegaly may progress to develop cardiovascular manifestations, pulmonary dysfunction, and cerebral complications. These comorbidities will increase the mortality rate.

Complications

• Common complications of acromegaly include:
  • Cardivascualr complications:
    • Cardiovascular disease
    • Hypertension
    • Arrhythmias
    • Heart failure
    • Coronary arteriosclerosis
  • Respiratory complications:
    • Sleep apnea
    • Dyspnea and stridor
  • Neuromuscular complications:
    • Arthritis
    • Carpal tunnel syndrome
    • Spinal cord compression
    • Vision abnormalities
  • Abdominal complications:
    • Colonic polyps
    • Uterine fibroids in females

Prognosis

• Prognosis of acromegaly is generally good with transsphenoidal surgery and the postoperative treatment.
• Early diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly is associated with better prognosis.
• The acral features of the acromegaly in the face, hands, and feets usually return to normal after the surgery.

References

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