Abc

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List of terms related to Abc

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Synonyms and keywords:

Historical Perspective

[Disease name] was first discovered by [name of scientist], a [nationality + occupation], in [year]/during/following [event].

The association between [important risk factor/cause] and [disease name] was made in/during [year/event].

In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name].

In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name].

There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], including -----.

In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].

Classification

There is no established system for the classification of [disease name].

OR

[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups: [group1], [group2], [group3], and [group4].

OR

[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3]. [Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].

OR

Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.

OR

If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features: According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].

OR

The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].

OR

There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].

Pathophysiology

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR

[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

• Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
• [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].

Common Causes

[Disease name] may be caused by:

• [cause1]
• [cause2]
• [cause3]

OR

• [Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
• [Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of disease name include:

• [cause1]
• [cause2]
• [cause3]

Genetic Causes

• [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.

Differentiating ((Page name)) from Other Diseases

[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:

• [Differential dx1]
• [Differential dx2]
• [Differential dx3]

OR

• [Disease name] must be differentiated from [[differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].

• As [disease name] manifests in a variety of clinical forms, differentiation must be established in accordance with the particular subtype. [Subtype name 1] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], such as [differential dx1] and [differential dx2]. In contrast, [subtype name 2] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 2], such as [differential dx3] and [differential dx4].

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

• The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
• In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

Prevalence

• The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
• In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
• The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.

Case-fatality rate

• In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of [number range]%.
• The case-fatality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].

Age

• Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
• The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
• [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
• [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
• [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].

Race

• There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
• [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].

Gender

• [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
• [Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.

Region

• The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].

• [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].

References

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