Gynecomastia Diagnostic Study of Choice
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The diagnosis of gynecomastia is based on the history, clinical examination and exclusion of other conditions like pseudo gynecomastia and breast cancer.
Diagnostic Criteria
- There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of gynecomastia.[1][2][3][4]
- The diagnosis of gynecomastia is mainly based on clinical examination which helps to differentiate from pseudo gynecomastia and breast cancer.
- If the diagnosis is not clear clinically, a diagnostic mammography can be done which has 90 percent sensitivity and specificity.
References
- ↑ Braunstein GD (2007). "Clinical practice. Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 357 (12): 1229–37. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp070677. PMID 17881754.
- ↑ Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN (2002). "Breast cancer in men". Ann. Intern. Med. 137 (8): 678–87. PMID 12379069.
- ↑ Evans GF, Anthony T, Turnage RH, Schumpert TD, Levy KR, Amirkhan RH, Campbell TJ, Lopez J, Appelbaum AH (2001). "The diagnostic accuracy of mammography in the evaluation of male breast disease". Am. J. Surg. 181 (2): 96–100. PMID 11425067.
- ↑ Muñoz Carrasco R, Alvarez Benito M, Muñoz Gomariz E, Raya Povedano JL, Martínez Paredes M (2010). "Mammography and ultrasound in the evaluation of male breast disease". Eur Radiol. 20 (12): 2797–805. doi:10.1007/s00330-010-1867-7. PMID 20571799.