De Quervain's thyroiditis pathophysiology
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De Quervain's thyroiditis Microchapters |
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Differentiating De Quervain's thyroiditis from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
The exact pathogenesis of de Quervain's thyroiditis is unclear. It is proposed that cytotoxic T cell recognition of complex viral and cell antigens presentation leads to the thyroid follicular cell damage which is responsible for the pathogenesis of de Quervain's thyroiditis. De Quervain's thyroiditis is usually preceded by a viral prodrome and also have a genetic predisposition. HLA B35 and HLA B15/62 are associated with de Quervain's thyroiditis.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
The exact pathogenesis of de Quervain's thyroiditis is unclear, but autoimmunity mechanism is proposed.[1][2]
- Cytotoxic T cell recognition of viral and cell antigens presented in a complex leading to thyroid follicular cell damage are considered to cause the pathogenesis of de Quervain's thyroiditis.
- De Quervain's thyroiditis is usually preceded by a viral prodrome. Various viral infections are associated with the de Quervain's thyroiditis including mumps, adenovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, coxsackievirus, cytomegalovirus, influenza, echovirus, and enterovirus.
Genetics
- De Quervain's thyroiditis is associated with:[3][4]
- The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B35
- HLA B15/62 (in rare cases)
Gross Pathology
On gross pathology, subacute thyroiditis frequently resembles thyroid malignancy. Subacute thyroiditis usually has the following features:
- Firm to dense consistency
- Pale white color
- Poorly defined margins
- Involvement of adjacent normal thyroid
Microscopic pathology
The primary pathology of de Quervain's thyroiditis is:[1]
- Infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes initially
- Predominance of lymphocytes and macrophages in advanced form
- Destruction of the follicular epithelium
- Parenchymal destruction and scar tissue
- Loss of the follicular integrity
Gallery
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De Quervain's thyroiditis (By Nephron - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18491382) -
De Quervain's thyroiditis (By Nephron - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18491421) -
De Quervain's thyroiditis (By Nephron - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18491421)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kojima M, Nakamura S, Oyama T, Sugihara S, Sakata N, Masawa N (2002). "Cellular composition of subacute thyroiditis. an immunohistochemical study of six cases". Pathol. Res. Pract. 198 (12): 833–7. doi:10.1078/0344-0338-00344. PMID 12608662.
- ↑ Erdem N, Erdogan M, Ozbek M, Karadeniz M, Cetinkalp S, Ozgen AG, Saygili F, Yilmaz C, Tuzun M, Kabalak T (2007). "Demographic and clinical features of patients with subacute thyroiditis: results of 169 patients from a single university center in Turkey". J. Endocrinol. Invest. 30 (7): 546–50. PMID 17848836.
- ↑ Nyulassy S, Hnilica P, Buc M, Guman M, Hirschová V, Stefanovic J (1977). "Subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis: association with HLA-Bw35 antigen and abnormalities of the complement system, immunoglobulins and other serum proteins". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 45 (2): 270–4. doi:10.1210/jcem-45-2-270. PMID 885992.
- ↑ de Bruin TW, Riekhoff FP, de Boer JJ (1990). "An outbreak of thyrotoxicosis due to atypical subacute thyroiditis". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 70 (2): 396–402. doi:10.1210/jcem-70-2-396. PMID 2298855.