Protein energy malnutrition classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]
Overview
Protein energy malnutrition may be classified according to the 'Gomez classification' based on weight for age, or the 'Water low classification' based on stunting and wasting, or the 'Welcome classification' based on the presence or absence of edema.
Classification
Definitions of general terms that are used in the classification of protein-energy malnutrition include the following:
| Terminology | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Undrweight | Underweight for one’s age (Weight for age ) |
| Stunted | Too short for one’s age (Height for age ) |
| Wasted | Dangerously thin (Weight for height ) |
| Micronutrient malnutrition | Deficient in vitamins and minerals (Hidden Hunger ) |
The three different classification schemes of protein-energy malnutrition are described below:[1][2]
Gomez classification
| Grade of PEM | Weigh for age (%) |
|---|---|
| Normal | 90-100 |
| Mild malnutrition, Grade I | 75-89 |
| Moderate malnutrition, Grade II | 60-74 |
| Severe malnutrition, Grade III | Less than 60 |
Water low's classification
| Grade of PEM | Stunting
(low height for age) |
Wasting
(low weight for height) |
|---|---|---|
| Normal | 95 | 90 |
| Mild malnutrition | 87.5-95 | 80-90 |
| Moderate malnutrition | 80-87.5 | 70-80 |
| Severe malnutrition | Less than 80 | Less than 70 |
Welcome's classification
| Weight for age | With edema | Without edema |
|---|---|---|
| 60-80% | Kwashiorkor | Undernutrition |
| <60% | Marasmic kwashiorkor | Marasmus |
References
- ↑ Bhattacharyya AK (1986). "Protein-energy malnutrition (Kwashiorkor-Marasmus syndrome): terminology, classification and evolution". World Rev Nutr Diet. 47: 80–133. PMID 3088855.
- ↑ Waterlow JC (1976). "Classification and definition of protein-energy malnutrition". Monogr Ser World Health Organ (62): 530–55. PMID 824854.