Viral encephalitis Epidemiology and Demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anthony Gallo, B.S. [2]
Overview
The incidence of viral encephalitis is approximately 3.5-7.4 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[1] Patients of all age groups may develop encephalitis.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
The incidence of viral encephalitis is approximately 3.5-7.4 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[1]
Age
Patients of all age groups may develop encephalitis. Incidence is higher in pediatric populations.[1]
Gender
Males are more commonly affected with encephalitis than females, though both genders are susceptible to the disease.[1]
Race
There is no racial predilection to the development of encephalitis.[1] However, Native Americans are predisposed to the development of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, which increases the risk of developing encephalitis.[2]
Developed Countries
Herpes simplex virus is the most common cause of encephalitis in developed countries and is responsible for about 10 - 20% of all adult cases of viral encephalitis. HSV-2, commonly associated with genital herpes, causes 70-90% of encephalitis cases in neonatal infants; the virus is transmitted through the mother's genital secretions. HSV-1 is primarily associated with encephalitis cases in adults.
Herpes simplex encephalitis is the only effectively treatable form of encephalitis, but treatment (typically intravenous acyclovir) must be administered within the first few days of symptom onset.[3]
Developing Countries
In developing countries, encephalitis cases are generally asymptomatic. Approximately 1 in 300 cases progress to symptomatic illness. Of these symptomatic illnesses, approximately 30% result in mortality.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Granerod J, Crowcroft NS (2007). "The epidemiology of acute encephalitis". Neuropsychol Rehabil. 17 (4–5): 406–28. doi:10.1080/09602010600989620. PMID 17676528.
- ↑ Holman RC, McQuiston JH, Haberling DL, Cheek JE (2009). "Increasing incidence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever among the American Indian population in the United States". Am J Trop Med Hyg. 80 (4): 601–5. PMID 19346384.
- ↑ Cecil RL, Goldman L, Schafer AI. Goldman's Cecil Medicine,Expert Consult Premium Edition -- Enhanced Online Features and Print, Single Volume,24, Goldman's Cecil Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012.
- ↑ Encephalitis, viral. World Health Organization (2016). http://www.wpro.who.int/topics/encephalitis_viral/en/ Accessed on February 4, 2016.