Marburg hemorrhagic fever epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Epidemiology

Incidence and Prevalence

• Recorded cases of Marburg hemorrhagic fever disease are rare. Hence it is difficult to obtain incidence and prevalence of Marburg hemorrhagic fever

Outbreak

• The first documented outbreak of filovirus disease occurred in 1967 when there were three concurrent episodes of lethal MARV infections in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany and in Belgrade (in the former Yugoslavia) among laboratory workers exposed to blood and tissue products of African green monkeys imported from Uganda.
• Secondary transmission to medical staff and family members was also documented.
• In total, 31 patients became infected, and 7 of these patients died.
• During the next 2 decades, Marburg hemorrhagic fever was associated with sporadic, isolated, usually fatal cases among residents and travelers in southeast Africa.
• In 1998 to 2000, there was a prolonged outbreak involving 154 cases of MARV-associated hemorrhagic fever in Durba, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) that was associated with individuals working in an underground gold mine.
• The largest and most lethal MARV outbreak to date occurred in 2004 to 2005 in northern Angola.
  • This outbreak involved 252 cases, with a case-fatality rate of 90%.
• Between 2007 and 2012, several small episodes of MARV-associated disease were reported in Uganda, with one case being exported to the United States and one to the Netherlands.
• In October 2014, a single case of Marburg hemorrhagic fever was reported in Uganda.

Case fatality rate

• Case fatality rates in marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreaks have ranged from 23% to 90%.

Demographics

Age

• Patients of all age groups may develop marburg hemorrhagic fever.
• Marburg hemorrhagic fever commonly affects younger individuals less than 5 years old and adults >50 years old compared to normal age groups. younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.

Race

There is no racial predilection to marburg hemorrhagic fever.

Gender

Marburg hemorrhagic fever affects men and women equally.