Plummer-Vinson syndrome causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Causes

The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown; however, iron deficiency anemia, genetic factors and nutritional deficiencies may play a role. Iron deficiency anemia is the most widely regarded cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome and can be due to:

Common causes

Common causes of iron deficiency anemia associated with Plummer-Vinson syndrome are:

  • Physiological conditions with increased iron requirements are seen with:
  • Conditions promoting blood loss leads to an increased demand of iron by the body. These include:
    • Menstruation
    • Gastrointestinal tract disorders such as:
    • Genitourinary tract disorders such as:
      • Glomerulonephritis
      • Renal calculi
    • Hemoptysis (alveolar hemorrhage)
    • Nosocomial blood loss: phlebotomy for diagnostic tests in hospitalized patients
    • Following gastric or small bowel surgery: due to loss of gastric acidity, increased transit time for food, and decreased absorption of iron


Less common causes

  • Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: recurrent hemorrhage
  • Intravascular hemolysis: for example, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
  • Iatrogenic causes such as frequent blood draws, particularly in hospitalized patients
    • Inadequate diet in children (excessive consumption of whole cow's milk)

References