Chondroma differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]

Overview

Enchondroma must be differentiated from low-grade chondrosarcoma, fibrocartilaginous dysplasia, bone islands and bone infarcts.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Periosteal chondroma must be differentiated from periosteal chondrosarcoma and periosteal osteosarcoma.

Enchondroma must be differentiated from the following:

Low-grade chondrosarcoma
- When differentiating an enchondroma from a chondrosarcoma, the radiographic image may be equivocal. However, periostitis is not usually seen with an uncomplicated enchondroma.^[1]
Chondroblastoma
- Presence of bone marrow edema frequently seen surrounding chondroblastomas is helpful, as it is not a usual feature of chondromyxoid fibromas, giant cell tumors, or enchondromas.^[2]^[3]
Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia
- Fibrous dysplasia is seen with an extensive cartilagenous differentiation that results in a picture that mimics enchondroma.
- Cellular atypia in the surrounding stroma helps in the differentiation.^[4]
Bone islands^[5]
- Small focus of compact bone within the cancellous bone
- No cortical destruction or involvement of the surrounding soft tissues
Bone infarcts
- Differentiating an enchondroma from a bone infarct on plain film may be difficult.
- An enchondroma usually causes endosteal scalloping while an infarct will not.
- An infarct usually has a well-defined, sclerotic serpentine border, while an enchondroma does not.^[1]

Periosteal chondroma must be differentiated from the following:

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Enchondroma. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enchondroma Accessed on December 18, 2015.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Chondroblastoma. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/chondroblastoma Accessed on December 21, 2015.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Erickson JK, Rosenthal DI, Zaleske DJ, Gebhardt MC, Cates JM (2001). "Primary treatment of chondroblastoma with percutaneous radio-frequency heat ablation: report of three cases". Radiology. 221 (2): 463–8. doi:10.1148/radiol.2212010262. PMID 11687691.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Muezzinoglu B, Oztop F (2001). "Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia: a variant of fibrous dysplasia". Malays J Pathol. 23 (1): 35–9. PMID 16329546.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Enostosis. Radiopedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/enostosis Accessed on December 18, 2015.