Whipple's disease classification
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
Whipple’s disease may be classified into 2 groups of acute and chronic infection. It might be classified as systemic or localized based on the organ involvement. It has 4 different clinical manifestations: Acute infection, asymptomatic carrier state, the classic Whipple’s disease, and localized chronic infection.
Classification
- Whipple's disease may be classified to 2 groups of acute and chronic based on the duration.[1][2]
- Whipple's disease may be classified to 2 groups of systemic and localized infection based on organ involvement.[3]
- Tropheryma whipplei infection may be classified to 4 groups based on the clinical manifestation:[1][4]
- Acute infections such as:
- Asymptomatic carrier state
- The classic Whipple’s disease
- Localized involvement of different organs including:
- Heart:
- Blood-culture negative endocarditis
- Adhesive pericarditis
- Myocardial fibrosis
- CNS:
- Eyes:
- Uveitis
- Vitritis
- Retinitis
- Retrobulbar neuritis
- Papilledema
- Lung:
- Bone:
- Serosa:
- Skin:
- Heart:
Whipple's disease classification based on the duration
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Whipple's disease classification based on organ involvement
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Marth, Thomas (2009). "New Insights into Whipple's Disease – A Rare Intestinal Inflammatory Disorder". Digestive Diseases. 27 (4): 494–501. doi:10.1159/000233288. ISSN 1421-9875.
- ↑ Schneider, Thomas; Moos, Verena; Loddenkemper, Christoph; Marth, Thomas; Fenollar, Florence; Raoult, Didier (2008). "Whipple's disease: new aspects of pathogenesis and treatment". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 8 (3): 179–190. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70042-2. ISSN 1473-3099.
- ↑ Relman, David A.; Schmidt, Thomas M.; MacDermott, Richard P.; Falkow, Stanley (1992). "Identification of the Uncultured Bacillus of Whipple's Disease". New England Journal of Medicine. 327 (5): 293–301. doi:10.1056/NEJM199207303270501. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Street, Sara; Donoghue, Helen D; Neild, GH (1999). "Tropheryma whippelii DNA in saliva of healthy people". The Lancet. 354 (9185): 1178–1179. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)03065-2. ISSN 0140-6736.