Suicidal ideation pathophysiology
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Suicidal ideation pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
OR
It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
OR
[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
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Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
OR
[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
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The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
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The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
Pathophysiology
Decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) serotonin levels and serotonin receptor dysfunction are strong risk factors for suicide attempt and completion. Dysfunction in central serotonin systems is associated with a lowered threshold for self-directed and externally directed aggressive behavior. 1976, Asberg et al reported a bimodal distribution of serotonin metabolites (5-HIAA) in the CSF of depressed patients.23 In this study, significantly more of the depressed patients in the "low" CSF 5-HIAA group had attempted suicide compared to the "high" CSF group.23 A five-year follow-up study of depressed patients concluded that patients who attempted suicide before the index admission and who reattempted suicide during the follow-up had significantly lower CSF levels of 5-HIAA.24 To date, more than 20 studies have reported low concentrations of CSF 5-HIAA in suicide attempters with a broad range of diagnoses, making this one of the strongest findings in biological psychiatry. The absolute reduction in the concentration of CSF 5-HIAA appears to correlate well with lethality, increased planning, and medical damage of the suicide attempt.27 The pharmacotherapy of suicidal patients often aims at increasing serotonin availability in the brainstem.
Genetics
- [Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
- Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
- The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.
Associated Conditions
The following conditions are associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation:
- Major depressive disorder
- Bipolar disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Post traumatic stress disorder
- Anxiety
- Personality disorders
Gross Pathology
- On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
Microscopic Pathology
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].