| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Thyroid nodule found clinically or incidentally | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TSH | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | Normal or elevated | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Subnormal |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Radionuclide thyroid scan | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nodule not up taking the radionuclide Cold nodule Nodule is non-functional | | | | | | | | Nodule up taking the radionuclide Hot nodule Nodule is functional | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ultrasound evaluation | | | | | | | | Check thyroid hormones Free T4 and T3 check | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Meets the criteria
| | | | | | Doesn't meet criteria | | | | Normal Subclinical hypothyroidism | | Elevated Thyroid adenoma Hyperthyroidism |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Monitoring | | | | | | Treat hyperthyroidism |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | Cystic nodule | | Spongiform nodule | | | | | Solid nodule | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Without malignant features | | | | Hyperechoic or isoechoic or partially cystic nodule with eccentric solid areas | | Hypoechoic solid nodule with smooth margins WITHOUT the following features: Microcalcifications Extrathyroidal extension Taller than wider shape | | Hypoechoic solid nodule or solid hypoechoic component of a partially cystic nodule WITH one or more of the following features: Irregular margins Microcalcifications Taller than wide shape Rim calcifications with small extrusive soft tissue component Evidence of extrathyroidal extension | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Very low suspicion of malignncy | | | Low suspicion for malignancy | | Intermediate suspicion of malignancy | | High suspicion of malignancy | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Estimated risk of malignancy <3% | | | Estimated risk of malignancy 5 to 10% | | Estimated risk of malignancy 10 to 20% | | Estimated risk of malignancy >70 to 90% | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FNA if nodule is larger that 2cm | | FNA if nodule is larger that 1.5cm | | | | FNA if nodule is larger that 1cm | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FNA result | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | Follicular neoplasm | | | | | | | | FLUS | | | AUS | | | Benign | | | Suspicious for malignancy | | | Papillary thyroid carcinoma | | Nondiagnostic | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Repeat Ultrasound every 1-2 year If growth more>20% or suspicious ultrasound results, consider FNA again | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Repeat FNA with ultrasound guidance | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Repeat FNA in 2-3 months | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total thyroidectomy | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | AUS FLUS | | | | | | | | Benign | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | Cold, non-functional nodule | | | Hot, functional, benign nodule | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | Thyroid lobectomy considering ultrasound results AND Molecular diagnostic testing *Gene expression classifier * Mutational analysis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | Suspicious to malignancy | | | | | | | | Benign | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | Lobectomy OR Total thyroidectomy based on the ultrasound evaluation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |