Thyroid nodule resident survival guide
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]
Thyroid nodule Resident Survival Guide Microchapters |
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Overview |
Classification |
Causes |
FIRE |
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Do's |
Don'ts |
Overview
Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem, and differentiated thyroid cancer is becoming increasingly prevalent. The American Thyroid Association has published guidelines for the management of thyroid nodules, which were updated in 2015.
Classification
Causes
Life-threatening causes
The most important genes which can lead to thyroid cancer include:
Causes of malignant nodule mutations:
- Childhood radioiodine exposure
- Familial history
Common causes
The most important causes of thyroid nodule development include:[1][2][3]
- Causes of benign thyroid nodule:
- Multinodular (sporadic) goiter ("colloid adenoma")
- Hashimoto's (chronic lymphocytic) thyroiditis
- Cysts (colloid, simple, or hemorrhagic)
- Follicular adenomas
- Macrofollicular adenomas
- Microfollicular or cellular adenomas
- Hürthle cell (oxyphil cell) adenomas
- Macro- or microfollicular patterns
FIRE
Abbreviations:
TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone, FNA: Fine needle aspiration, FLUS: Follicular lesion of undetermined significance, AUS: Atypia of undetermined significance.
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Diagnosis
Treatment
Do's
Don'ts
References
- ↑ Bomeli SR, LeBeau SO, Ferris RL (2010). "Evaluation of a thyroid nodule". Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. 43 (2): 229–38, vii. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2010.01.002. PMC 2879398. PMID 20510711.
- ↑ Jena A, Patnayak R, Prakash J, Sachan A, Suresh V, Lakshmi AY (2015). "Malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule: A clinicoradiopathological evaluation". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 19 (4): 498–503. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.159056. PMC 4481656. PMID 26180765.
- ↑ Chibishev A, Simonovska N, Shikole A (2010). "Post-corrosive injuries of upper gastrointestinal tract". Prilozi. 31 (1): 297–316. PMID 20693948.