Gallstone disease risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of Gallstone Disease include Age, Sex, Pregnancy, and Oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy.

Risk Factors

• Common risk factors in the development of Gallstone Disease include Age, Sex, Pregnancy, and Oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy.

Common Risk Factors

• Common risk factors in the development of Gallstone disease may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
• Common risk factors in the development of Gallstone disease include:
  • Age - Age is the most important risk factor where the most common age for developing gallstones was found to be between ages 40 - 69. Cholelithiasis rarely exists in children unless in a hemolytic state.
  • Sex - A higher incidence is noted in women across all age groups.
  • Race- Common amongst Pima Indians, North Americans and Chileans. Japanese have the lowest incidence.
  • Pregnancy - Cholesterol gallstone incidence in pregnant women is very common, paarticularly in multiparous women.

References

Less Common Risk Factors

• Less common risk factors in the development of Gallstone disease include:
  • Obesity
  • Sudden weight loss
  • Prolonged fasting
  • Presence of Crohn's disease
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Diabetes
  • Liver cirrhosis
  • Increasing age
  • Extensive bowel resection
  • Use medications like largactil, octreotide, and clofibrate