Portal vein thrombosis risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]

Overview

There are no established risk factors for [disease name].

OR

The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.

Risk Factors

• There are no established risk factors for [disease name].

OR

• The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

• Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

Common Risk Factors

• Common risk factors in the development of portal vein thrombosis include:
  • Cancer of any abdominal organ
  • Focal inflammatory lesions
    • Neonatal omphalitis, ombilical vein catheterization
  • Diverticulitis, appendicitis
  • Pancreatitis
  • Duodenal ulcer
  • Cholecystitis
  • Tuberculous lymphadenitis
  • Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis
  • Cytomegalovirus hepatitis
  • Injury to the portal venous system
  • Splenectomy
  • Colectomy, gastrectomy
  • Cholecystectomy
  • Liver transplantation
  • Abdominal trauma
  • Surgical portosystemic shunting, TIPS
  • Iatrogenic (fine needle aspiration of abdominal masses etc.)
  • Cirrhosis
  • Preserved liver function with precipitating factors (splenectomy, surgical portosystemic shunting, TIPS dysfunction, thrombophilia)
  • Advanced disease in the absence of obvious precipitating factors

Less Common Risk Factors

• Less common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
  • Cancer
    • Neuro-endocrine tumor
    • Hepatocellular carcinoma
    • Pancreatic cancer
    • Angiomyxoma
    • Unknown primary tumour
  • Abdominal intervention
    • Splenectomy
    • Cholecystectomy
    • Billroth II
    • Radiofrequency ablation
    • Gastropancreaticcystotomy
  • Abdominal infection
    • Bacteraemia
    • Portal vein phlebitis
    • Intestinal tuberculosis
    • Sepsis
    • Tuberculosis in psoas abscess