Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Common causes of GERD include obesity, autonomic neuropathy, systemic sclerosis, esophageal achalasia, and hiatus hernia. Other causes of GERD include hypochlorhydria, hypercalcemia, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Causes
Life threatining causes
- Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.There are no life-threatening causes of GERD.
Common causes
Common causes of GERD include the following:
- Obesity
- Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1B
- Systemic sclerosis
- Autonomic neuropathy
- Esophageal achalasia
- Ibuprofen lysine
- Hiatus hernia
- Pharyngeal pouch
Less common causes
- Another paradoxical cause of GERD-like symptoms is not enough stomach acid (hypochlorhydria). The valve that empties the stomach into the intestines is triggered by acidity. If there is not enough acid, this valve does not open and the stomach contents are churned up into the esophagus. However, there is still enough acidity to irritate the esophagus.
- Hiatus hernia, which increases the likelihood of GERD due to mechanical and motility factors.[1]
- Obesity: increasing body mass index is associated with more severe GERD.[2]
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, which can be present with increased gastric acidity due to gastrin production.
- Hypercalcemia, which can increase gastrin production, leading to increased acidity.
- Scleroderma and systemic sclerosis, which can feature esophageal dysmotility.
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Apremilast, febuxostat, ibuprofen lysine, naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium, pirfenidone, pramipexole, ritonavir, |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
References
- ↑ Piesman M, Hwang I, Maydonovitch C, Wong RK (2007). "Nocturnal reflux episodes following the administration of a standardized meal. Does timing matter?". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102 (10): 2128–2134. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01348.x. PMID 17573791.
- ↑ Ayazi S, Crookes P, Peyre C, (2007). "Objective documentation of the link between gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102 (S): 138–139.