Gastritis natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Gastritis can be rapidly treated but may recur. Although majority of gastritis cases remain asymptomatic or without complications, the common complications, when it occurs, include peptic ulcers and gastric neoplasms (including malignant).

Natural History

Most gastritis improves rapidly with treatment.

Complications

• Acute Gastritis Complications:
  • Ulcer bleed
  • Bleeding as a result of gastric erosion
  • Anemia as a result of the bleeding from the ulcer or due to the gastric erosion
  • Gastric outlet obstruction

• Chronic Gastritis Complications:
  • Atrophic gastritis
  • Peptic ulcers
  • Gastrointestinal Perforation
  • Gastrointestinal Bleeding
  • Anemia due to erosive gastritis
  • Stomach Cancer
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Pernicious anemia
  • Increased risk of developing benign or malignant growths in the lining of the stomach.

• Atrophic Gastritis Complications:
  • Atrophic Gastritis as a result of Helicobacter pylori infection:
    • Gastric ulceration
    • Gastric cancer (adenocarcinoma)
  • Atrophic Gastritis as a result of atrophic gastritis due to Autoimmune gastritis:
    • Gastric polyp
    • Gastric cancer (adenocarcinoma)
    • Pernicious anemia

• Stress Induced Gastritis Complications:
  • Rarely, Stress-Induced Gastritis may lead to severe bleeding that can prove fatal and leads to a life-threatening situation.

• Helicobacter pylori-associated Gastritis Complications:
  • Chronic Helicobacter pylori-associated Gastritis increases the risk for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.
  • Gastric and duodenal ulcers
  • Gastric adenocarcinoma
  • Pseudomembranous colitis following H. pylori treatment
  • B12 and iron deficiency anemia
  • Post Treatment complication of of Helicobacter pylori infection is Clostridium difficile infection

Prognosis

Prognosis for gastritis is