Gastrointestinal stromal tumor physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Common physical examination findings of GIST include abdominal distension and palpable abdominal mass.

Physical Examination

• Physical examination of patients with GIST is usually positive for abdominal distension and palpable abdominal mass. Other findings include:

Appearance of the Patient

• Patients with GIST usually appear tired.

Vital Signs

• Low-grade fever
• Hypothermia may be present
• Tachycardia with regular pulse
• Tachypnea
• Low blood pressure

Skin

• Jaundice (seen in obstructive duodenal GIST)
• Pallor (seen with abdominal bleeding)

HEENT

• Icteric sclera (seen in obstructive duodenal GIST)

Neck

• Lymphadenopathy (rare)

Abdomen

• Abdominal distention
• Succussion splash (gastric outlet obstruction with GIST in pylorus)
• Shifting dullness (intraperitoneal rupture of large GIST with hemoperitoneum)
• Palpable abdominal mass (location depends upon the site of GIST)
• Severe cases may have abdominal perforation with signs of peritonitis such as:
  • Abdominal tenderness
  • Rigidity
  • Guarding

Extremities

• Pitting edema of the lower extremities

References

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