Cirrhosis risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]
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Overview
Certain aspects of genetics and lifestyle can put someone at risk for cirrhosis. Chronic alcohol use, or the development of a fatty liver can put one at risk for cirrhosis. Genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis, and hemochromatosis, and not genetic diseases such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C, are also significant risk factors for the development of cirrhosis.
Risk Factors
- Chronic alcohol abuse: Regular moderate alcohol consumption is the most common cause of cirrhosis in the United States and other western countries.[1]
- Chronic Hepatitis B and C viruses and perhaps other viruses, can damage the liver over a prolonged time and eventually cause cirrhosis. This is the most common cause of cirrhosis in some Asian countries.
- Autoimmune hepatitis: The body's protective antibodies injure the liver cells because they fail to recognize the liver as its own tissue.
- Chronic bile duct blockage
- Wilson's Disease or hemochromatosis: Metals are present in all body cells. When abnormal amounts of them accumulate in the liver, scarring and cirrhosis may develop.
- Cystic fibrosis and Alpha l-antitrypsin deficiency
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- Drugs and toxins: Studies demonstrate that prolonged exposure to certain chemicals or drugs can damage the liver.
- Age above 50 years [2]
- Male gender [3]
- Features of metabolic syndrome in Non Alcoholic Steato Heaptitis(NASH): [4][5]
- Obesity
- Insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes
- Hypertension
- Hyperlipidemia
References
- ↑ Bellentani S, Saccoccio G, Costa G, Tiribelli C, Manenti F, Sodde M, Saveria Crocè L, Sasso F, Pozzato G, Cristianini G, Brandi G (1997). "Drinking habits as cofactors of risk for alcohol induced liver damage. The Dionysos Study Group". Gut. 41 (6): 845–50. PMC 1891602. PMID 9462221.
- ↑ Poynard T, Bedossa P, Opolon P (1997). "Natural history of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The OBSVIRC, METAVIR, CLINIVIR, and DOSVIRC groups". Lancet. 349 (9055): 825–32. PMID 9121257.
- ↑ Bellentani S, Pozzato G, Saccoccio G, Crovatto M, Crocè LS, Mazzoran L, Masutti F, Cristianini G, Tiribelli C (1999). "Clinical course and risk factors of hepatitis C virus related liver disease in the general population: report from the Dionysos study". Gut. 44 (6): 874–80. PMC 1727553. PMID 10323892.
- ↑ Clark JM (2006). "The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adults". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 40 Suppl 1: S5–10. doi:10.1097/01.mcg.0000168638.84840.ff. PMID 16540768.
- ↑ Farrell GC, Larter CZ (2006). "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from steatosis to cirrhosis". Hepatology. 43 (2 Suppl 1): S99–S112. doi:10.1002/hep.20973. PMID 16447287.