Stomach cancer causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[2]
Overview
Causes of stomach cancer depend on the type of cancer. Adenocarcinomas are caused by genetic modulations due to chronic inflammation mainly by H. pylori bacteria. Diffuse gastric carcinomas do not have a precancerous lesion. Somatic mutations in the CDH1 gene by hypermethylation, mutation, and loss of heterozygosity are identified in 40 to 83 percent of sporadic diffuse-type gastric cancers. The E-cadherin gene (CDH1) encodes a transmembrane cellular adhesion protein.
Stomach cancer causes
- Causes of stomach cancer depends on type of cancer:
Adenocarcinoma
- Adenocarcinomas are caused by genetic modulations due to chronic inflammation mainly by H. pylori bacteria.
- K-ras mutations oncogenes are found in invasive cancers and intestinal metaplasia.
- Hepatocyte growth factor receptor c-met oncogene is found in intestinal-type gastric cancers.
- Almost 50% of gastric cancers have alterations in genes TP53, TP73, APC, TFF, DCC, LOH, and FHIT.
- Inactivation of p53 in gastric epithelial cells reduce their ability to undergo apoptosis.
Diffuse gastric carcinoma
- Diffuse gastric carcinomas do not have a precancerous lesion.
- Somatic mutations in the CDH1 gene by hypermethylation, mutation, and loss of heterozygosity are identified in 40 to 83 percent of sporadic diffuse-type gastric cancers. The E-cadherin gene (CDH1) encodes a transmembrane cellular adhesion protein.
- Prostate stem cell antigen gene is also involved in regulating gastric epithelial cell proliferation. Its cytoplasmic tail interacts with catenins making the adhesion.