SPAM1

Sperm adhesion molecule 1 (PH-20 hyaluronidase, zona pellucida binding)
Identifiers
Symbols	SPAM1 ; HYAL1; HYA1; HYAL3; HYAL5; MGC26532; PH-20; PH20; SPAG15
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 50610
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
File:PBB GE SPAM1 210536 s at tn.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Sperm adhesion molecule 1 (PH-20 hyaluronidase, zona pellucida binding), also known as SPAM1, is a human gene.

Hyaluronidase degrades hyaluronic acid, a major structural proteoglycan found in extracellular matrices and basement membranes. Six members of the hyaluronidase family are clustered into two tightly linked groups on chromosome 3p21.3 and 7q31.3. This gene was previously referred to as HYAL1 and HYA1 and has since been assigned the official symbol SPAM1; another family member on chromosome 3p21.3 has been assigned HYAL1. This gene encodes a GPI-anchored enzyme located on the human sperm surface and inner acrosomal membrane. This multifunctional protein is a hyaluronidase that enables sperm to penetrate through the hyaluronic acid-rich cumulus cell layer surrounding the oocyte, a receptor that plays a role in hyaluronic acid induced cell signaling, and a receptor that is involved in sperm-zona pellucida adhesion. Abnormal expression of this gene in tumors has implicated this protein in degradation of basement membranes leading to tumor invasion and metastasis. Multiple protein isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene.

Further reading

• Jansen S, Ekhlasi-Hundrieser M, Töpfer-Petersen E (2001). "Sperm adhesion molecules: structure and function". Cells Tissues Organs (Print). 168 (1–2): 82–92. PMID 11114590.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Csoka AB, Frost GI, Stern R (2002). "The six hyaluronidase-like genes in the human and mouse genomes". Matrix Biol. 20 (8): 499–508. PMID 11731267.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Cherr GN, Yudin AI, Overstreet JW (2002). "The dual functions of GPI-anchored PH-20: hyaluronidase and intracellular signaling". Matrix Biol. 20 (8): 515–25. PMID 11731269.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Lathrop WF, Carmichael EP, Myles DG, Primakoff P (1991). "cDNA cloning reveals the molecular structure of a sperm surface protein, PH-20, involved in sperm-egg adhesion and the wide distribution of its gene among mammals". J. Cell Biol. 111 (6 Pt 2): 2939–49. PMID 2269661.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Lin Y, Mahan K, Lathrop WF; et al. (1994). "A hyaluronidase activity of the sperm plasma membrane protein PH-20 enables sperm to penetrate the cumulus cell layer surrounding the egg". J. Cell Biol. 125 (5): 1157–63. PMID 8195297.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Lin Y, Kimmel LH, Myles DG, Primakoff P (1993). "Molecular cloning of the human and monkey sperm surface protein PH-20". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (21): 10071–5. PMID 8234258.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gmachl M, Sagan S, Ketter S, Kreil G (1994). "The human sperm protein PH-20 has hyaluronidase activity". FEBS Lett. 336 (3): 545–8. PMID 8282124.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Jones MH, Davey PM, Aplin H, Affara NA (1996). "Expression analysis, genomic structure, and mapping to 7q31 of the human sperm adhesion molecule gene SPAM1". Genomics. 29 (3): 796–800. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9931. PMID 8575780.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Csóka AB, Scherer SW, Stern R (1999). "Expression analysis of six paralogous human hyaluronidase genes clustered on chromosomes 3p21 and 7q31". Genomics. 60 (3): 356–61. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5876. PMID 10493834.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR; et al. (2003). "Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology". Science. 300 (5620): 767–72. doi:10.1126/science.1083423. PMID 12690205.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA; et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7". Nature. 424 (6945): 157–64. doi:10.1038/nature01782. PMID 12853948.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Evans EA, Zhang H, Martin-DeLeon PA (2004). "SPAM1 (PH-20) protein and mRNA expression in the epididymides of humans and macaques: utilizing laser microdissection/RT-PCR". Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 1: 54. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-1-54. PMID 12932297.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Dunn CA, Mager DL (2006). "Transcription of the human and rodent SPAM1 / PH-20 genes initiates within an ancient endogenous retrovirus". BMC Genomics. 6 (1): 47. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-6-47. PMID 15804358.