Ischemic colitis history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc [2]
Overview
Ischemic colitis is characterized by abdominal pain which is out of proportion to physical findings, specifically excruciating abdominal pain despite limited focal tenderness.
History and Symptoms
The history and symptoms of ischemic colitis are as follows:[1][2][3][4]
Hyperactive Phase
- First phase, a hyperactive phase.
- Primary symptoms are severe abdominal pain and the passage of bloody stools.
- Many patients get better and do not progress beyond this phase.
Paralytic Phase
- Paralytic phase can follow if ischemia continues.
- Abdominal pain becomes more widespread, the belly becomes more tender to the touch, and bowel motility decreases, resulting in abdominal bloating, no further bloody stools, and absent bowel sounds on exam.
Shock Phase
- Final phase, a shock phase can develop as fluids start to leak through the damaged colon lining.
- Result in shock and metabolic acidosis with dehydration, low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and confusion.
- Patients who progress to this phase are often critically ill and require intensive care.
Common Symptoms
- Symptoms of ischemic colitis vary depending on the severity of the ischemia.
- The most common early signs of ischemic colitis include abdominal pain (often left-sided), with mild to moderate amounts of rectal bleeding.
- The sensitivity of findings among 73 patients were as follows:
- Abdominal pain: 78% of patients
- Lower digestive bleeding: 62% of patients
- Diarrhea: 38% of patients
- Fever: Higher than 100.4°F (38°C) in 34% of patients
References
- ↑ Boley SJ, Brandt LJ, Veith FJ (1978). "Ischemic disorders of the intestines". Curr Probl Surg. 15 (4): 1–85. doi:10.1016/S0011-3840(78)80018-5. PMID 365467. Unknown parameter
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ignored (help) - ↑ Hunter G, Guernsey J (1988). "Mesenteric ischemia". Med Clin North Am. 72 (5): 1091–115. PMID 3045452.
- ↑ Greenwald D, Brandt L, Reinus J (2001). "Ischemic bowel disease in the elderly". Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 30 (2): 445–73. doi:10.1016/S0889-8553(05)70190-4. PMID 11432300.
- ↑ Huguier M, Barrier A, Boelle PY, Houry S, Lacaine F (2006). "Ischemic colitis". Am. J. Surg. 192 (5): 679–84. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.09.018. PMID 17071206.