Hepatocellular carcinoma MRI
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2]
Overview
MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Key Findings in MRI in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Common findings of hepatocellular carcinoma on MRI:[1][2][3][4][5]
- On T1-weighted MR images, hepatocellular carcinoma is most often hypointense relative to the liver, although hyperintense lesions or areas of hyperintensity within hypointense lesions may be seen.
- These hyperintense regions within the hepatocellular carcinoma reflect the presence of fat, copper, protein, or blood secondary to intralesional hemorrhage.
- On T2-weighted images, hepatocellular carcinoma is generally hyperintense, although well-differentiated lesions that are isointense relative to the liver parenchyma may be seen.
- Most hepatocellular carcinomas show intense enhancement on arterial phase contrast-enhanced images.
- A large hepatocellular carcinoma (>5 cm) may have a number of characteristic features, such as a mosaic pattern, a tumor capsule, extracapsular extension with formation of satellite nodules, vascular invasion, and extrahepatic dissemination, including lymph node and distant metastases.
- The mosaic pattern is created by confluent small nodules separated by thin septa and necrotic areas within the tumor. This pattern is more often depicted on T2-weighted MR images than on T1-weighted images.
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References
- ↑ Campos JT, Sirlin CB, Choi JY (2012). "Focal hepatic lesions in Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI: the atlas". Insights Imaging. 3 (5): 451–74. doi:10.1007/s13244-012-0179-7. PMC 3443279. PMID 22700119.
- ↑ Willatt JM, Hussain HK, Adusumilli S, Marrero JA (2008). "MR Imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver: challenges and controversies". Radiology. 247 (2): 311–30. doi:10.1148/radiol.2472061331. PMID 18430871.
- ↑ Campos JT, Sirlin CB, Choi JY (2012). "Focal hepatic lesions in Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI: the atlas". Insights Imaging. 3 (5): 451–74. doi:10.1007/s13244-012-0179-7. PMC 3443279. PMID 22700119.
- ↑ Albiin N (2012). "MRI of Focal Liver Lesions". Curr Med Imaging Rev. 8 (2): 107–116. doi:10.2174/157340512800672216. PMC 3462338. PMID 23049491.
- ↑ Murakami T, Kim T, Hori M, Federle MP (2003). "Double arterial phase multi-detector row helical CT for detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma". Radiology. 229 (3): 931–2. doi:10.1148/radiol.2293030590. PMID 14657326.