Inguinal hernia natural history, complications and prognosis
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of inguinal hernia usually develop in the 4th decade of life, and start with symptoms such as bulging, heaviness, burning, or aching in the groin.
- If left untreated, patients with inguinal hernia may progress to develop incarceration, strangulation.[1]
Complications
- Common complications of inguinal hernia include:[2][3]
- Bruising and haematoma
- Chronic and persisting pain
- Infertility
- Postoperative complications
- Seroma / hematoma formation
- Urinary retention
- Neuralgias
- Testicular pain and swelling
- Mesh infection and wound infection
- Recurrence
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally good, and mortalilty is very rare.
References
- ↑ Svendsen SW, Frost P, Vad MV, Andersen JH (2013). "Risk and prognosis of inguinal hernia in relation to occupational mechanical exposures--a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence". Scand J Work Environ Health. 39 (1): 5–26. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3305. PMID 22643828.
- ↑ Jenkins JT, O'Dwyer PJ (2008). "Inguinal hernias". BMJ. 336 (7638): 269–72. doi:10.1136/bmj.39450.428275.AD. PMC 2223000. PMID 18244999.
- ↑ Chowbey PK, Pithawala M, Khullar R, Sharma A, Soni V, Baijal M (2006). "Complications in groin hernia surgery and the way out". J Minim Access Surg. 2 (3): 174–7. PMC 2999781. PMID 21187992.