Dysphagia classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

Overview

There is no established system for the classification of [disease name].

OR

[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups: [group1], [group2], [group3], and [group4].

OR

[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3]. [Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].

OR

Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.

OR

If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features: According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].

OR

The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].

OR

There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].

Classification

Dysphagia is classified into two major types on the basis of location:

• Oropharyngeal dysphagia
• Esophageal dysphagia

It is also classified on the basis of etiology into six subclasses:

• Infectious
• Metabolic
• Myopathic
• Neurological
• Structural
• Iatrogenic

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia

Arises from abnormalities of the upper esophagus, pharynx, and oral cavity.

Esophageal Dysphagia

Arises from the body of the esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter, or cardia of the stomach. Usually due to mechanical causes or motility problems.

In some patients, no organic cause for dysphagia can be found, and these patients are defined as having functional dysphagia.