Colorectal polyp
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
| Colon polyps | ||
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|---|---|---|
| Polyp of sigmoid colon as revealed by colonoscopy. Approximately 1 cm in diameter. The polyp was removed by snare cautery | ||
| ICD-10 | K63.5 & various | |
| MedlinePlus | 000266 | |
| eMedicine | med/414 | |
| MeSH | C23.300.825 | |
Overview
A colorectal polyp (or colon polyp) is a fleshy growth (polyp) occurring on the lining of the colon or rectum.[1] Untreated colorectal polyps can develop into colorectal cancer.[2]
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Polyps are either pedunculated (attached to the intestinal wall by a stalk) or sessile (grow directly from the wall).[3]
Causes
Differentiating Colorectal polyp from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Colorectal polyps can be detected using a faecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, digital rectal examination, barium enema or a pill camera.[4]
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
Complications
Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Colorectal polyps are not usually associated with symptoms.[2] When they occur, symptoms include rectal bleeding, bloody stools, abdominal pain and fatigue.[2] A change in bowel habits may occur including constipation and diarrhoea.[4] Occasionally, if a polyp is big enough to cause a bowel obstruction, there may be nausea, vomiting and severe constipation.[4]
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Polyps can be removed during a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy using a wire loop that cuts the stalk of the polyp and cauterises it to prevent bleeding.[4]
Many "defiant" polyps — large, flat, and otherwise laterally spreading adenomas — may be removed endoscopically by techniques that involve injection of fluid underneath them, to lift them and thus enable them to be taken out. These techniques, when they may be employed, are an alternative to a much-more-invasive colectomy.[5]
Prevention
External links
- "How I Do It" — Removing large or sessile colonic polyps. Dr. Brian Saunders MD FRCP; St. Mark’s Academic Institute; Harrow, Middlesex, UK. Retrieved April 9, 2008.
References
- ↑ Santero, Michael (2005-03-25). "Colon polyp symptoms, diagnosis and treatment". MedicineNet.com. Retrieved 2007-10-25. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lehrer, Jenifer K. (2006-07-25). "Colorectal polyps". MedlinePlus. Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ↑ Classen, Meinhard (2002). Gastroenterological Endoscopy. Thieme. p. 303. ISBN 1588900134. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Colon polyps". Mayo Clinic. 2007-07-16. Retrieved 2007-10-25.
- ↑ "How I Do It" — Removing large or sessile colonic polyps. Dr. Brian Saunders MD FRCP; St. Mark’s Academic Institute; Harrow, Middlesex, UK. Retrieved April 9, 2008.