Gastroparesis pathophysiology

Gastroparesis Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Gastroparesis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Gastroparesis pathophysiology On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Gastroparesis pathophysiology All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Gastroparesis pathophysiology
CDC on Gastroparesis pathophysiology
Gastroparesis pathophysiology in the news
Blogs on Gastroparesis pathophysiology
Directions to Hospitals Treating Gastroparesis
Risk calculators and risk factors for Gastroparesis pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Madhu Sigdel M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR

[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

• The exact pathogenesis of gastroparesis is not fully understood. However, it is well known that gastric emptying process is the result of interaction of smooth muscles, extrinsic and enteric autonomic nervous system, and interstitial cells of Cajal. The final process for delay of gastric emptying is increased tone of pylorus. Gastric emptying is mediated by the vagus nerve, which involves fundus accommodation, antrum contraction, and pyloric relaxation. Interstitial cells of Cajal are the pacemaker cells in the gut with unique ability to generate and propagate slow waves in gastrointestinal muscles. The electrical slow wave activity is the determinant of the characteristic frequency of phasic contractions of the stomach, intestine and colon as well as the direction and velocity of propagation of peristaltic activity, in coordination with the enteric nervous system. Interstitial cells of Cajal regulate both gastric pacemaker activity and enteric neurons, which initiate smooth muscle cell activity. slow wave activity originated from a pacemaker region at the mid/upper corpus on the greater curvature. From this pacemaker region, a band of activity rapidly formed and propagated in an organised fashion towards the distal antrum.

OR

• It is understood that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
• [Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
• Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
• [Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
• The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
• The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Genetics

• [Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
• Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
• The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.

Gross Pathology

• On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

• On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].